Newton's Second Law
Newton's Second Law: Acceleration is produced when a force acts on some mass. The acceleration depends on the strength of the force and the size of the mass.
THE LAW CAN BE STATED: (F=MA)
Where the mass of the object times the acceleration, results in the amount of force placed on the certain item.
When the mass of two objects is the same, and the forces are different, the object with the larger force acting upon it, goes farther. Likewise, when the force acting upon two items is the same, but the masses are different, the item with the smaller mass goes farther.
The image on the left shows a boy applying the same amount of force on a car and a lawn mower. The car is accelerating at a slower rate than the lawn mower, because it has a larger mass.
The image to the left shows two boys trying to pull different rocks. The boy with the blond hair is pulling a rock with a larger mass, than the boy pulling the smaller rock. The kid with the brown hair uses less force to accelerate the rock, but the blond kid has to use a larger mass proportional to the force the kid with the small rock uses, to accelerate the large rock at the same rate than the kid with the brown hair.
To the left shows a man applying a lot of force on the school bus, to accelerate it. If the force he is placing is 135 N and the acceleration of the bus is 5 meters per second square, what is the mass of the bus? To find the answer to this problem, you need to use the equation for Newton's Second Law, which is F=MA. When plugging all the values in, you get 135=(M)5. You have to divide both sides of the equation by 5, and then you get that the M=27 Kilograms.
The image to the right shows the boy placing 250 N of force on the cart that has a mass of 1,000 Kilograms. To find the acceleration of the cart, you have to substitute the values into the the force equation. You end up with 250=1,000(A), and when you divide both sides of the equation with 1,000, you get A=0.25
Relating Newton's Second Law to our rocket:
To determine the acceleration of our rocket when it was going up can be solved using the equation F=MA. The force of the fuel used to launch the rocket was 12.1 N, and the mass of our rocket was 0.099 KG. to find acceleration you have to divide the force by the mass, which gives 12.1/ 0.099. When you divide the numbers, you get 122.222 meters per second square.
To find the force of our rocket when it was coming down, I had to first determine how high our rocket went. To do that you have to find the Tan of the angular distance times the baseline.
THE THREE ANGULAR DISTANCES WERE: 42, 30, and 36. We found the tan of these and multiplied them by 40, and the values turned out to be: 36.016, 29.062, and 23.094.
THE AVERAGE OF THE HEIGHTS TURNED OUT TO BE 29.391 M, SO THIS WAS THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF OUR ROCKET
Then I had to use this number to find the Potential Energy of the rocket at the maximum height. The equation for Potential Energy is: (mass)(gravitational acceleration)(height). After substituting, we got
0.099*9.8*29.391= 28.515 J
The Potential Energy of the rocket at the maximum height is the same as the Kinetic Energy right before the rocket hits the ground. The equation for Kinetic Energy is (1/2)(mass)(velocity squared). After substituting, we got (1/2)*0.099*( velocity squared)=28.515. We isolated the velocity and got 23.881 m/s
To find the acceleration of our rocket when going down, you have to subtract the initial velocity from the final velocity, and divide the number by the time it takes to go down. After substituting, we got (23.881-0)/3=7.96 meters per second squared
To find the force of the rocket when it is going down, you have to use the equation for Force, it is F=MA. After substituting, we got 0.788 N=0.099*7.96
Relating Newton's Second Law to energy:
When a force is being used to push or pull an object, it is a type of energy because without the muscle, the item will not move. Newton's Second Law uses gravitational energy, because when two items are dropped from a height, gravitational acceleration(9.8) is used in the equation, because the item is going towards the center of the earth.
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